Case 9.8.1 Situation A:

A1 is in A's backcourt and has dribbled for nine seconds and then passes the ball forward towards A2 in the frontcourt. While the ball is in the air traveling from backcourt to frontcourt, the 10-second count is reached.
RULING: Violation by Team A as the ball has not gained frontcourt location/status. It is B's ball for a throw-in from one of the four designated throw-in spots closest to where A1 released the ball on the pass toward A2. 

Case 9.9.1 Situation A:
A1 catches the throw-in pass with one foot on the floor in A's frontcourt and the other foot not touching the floor. The non-pivot foot then comes down in A's backcourt.
RULING: Violation. Player and team control are established in A's frontcourt when A1 catches the throw-in pass. The violation occurs when A1 subsequently touches the backcourt with the non-pivot foot.

Case 9.9.1 Situation D:
Team A is awarded a throw-in near the division line. A1's throw-in is deflected by B1; A2 jumps from Team A's frontcourt, catches the ball in the air and lands in the backcourt.
RULING: Backcourt violation on Team A. The throw-in ends when it is legally touched by B1. A2 gains player and team control in the air after having left the floor from Team A's frontcourt, therefore having frontcourt location/status. As soon as A2 lands in the backcourt, a backcourt violation has been committed. The exception granted during a throw-in ends when the throw-in ends and is only for the player making the initial touch on the ball.

Case 9.9.1 Situation E:
A1 inbounds the ball at the division line; A2 jumps from the frontcourt, controls the ball in the air, and while still in the air passes it to A3, who is in the backcourt.
RULING: Backcourt violation. COMMENT: The throw-in exception only applies to the player initially receiving the throw-in pass (first touch). Since the throw-in has ended, all backcourt rules apply. Had A2 just landed in the backcourt, there would have been no violation.

Case 9.9.1 Situation G:
Team A is making a throw-in from the end line in its frontcourt. A1 throws a high-arching pass toward the division line. B1, in the frontcourt, tips the ball. A2, also in the frontcourt, then tips the ball from the frontcourt to the backcourt. Player A2 then gains control of the ball.
RULING: Although there is team control on a throw-in, it only pertains to foul situations. Both B1 and A2 touched the ball, but touching the ball does not establish team control inbounds. Though the ball was touched last by the offense in the frontcourt, there was no violation by Team A since team control had not yet been established in Team A's frontcourt before the ball went into Team A's backcourt.

Case 4.12.1 Situation B:

A1 is dribbling in A's backcourt when the ball accidentally strikes A1's ankle and bounces away. During the interrupted dribble, A1 fouls B1 in attempting to continue the dribble.
RULING: A team-control foul is charged to A1. It is not a player control foul as the contact occurred during an interrupted dribble.

Case 4.19.7 Situation A:
A1 is dribbling the ball in the frontcourt when A2 sets an illegal screen against B2. Team B is in the bonus.
RULING: No free throws are awarded as this is a team-control foul. Award the ball to Team B at a designated spot out of bounds closest to where the foul occurred.

Case 4.19.7 Situation B:
A1 is passing the ball to A2 in the team's frontcourt when B2 deflects the pass. As A2 and B2 are attempting to retrieve the loose ball, A2 illegally pushes B2 from behind and a foul is ruled. Team B is in the bonus.
RULING: No free throws are awarded as this is a team-control foul. Award the ball to Team B at a designated spot out of bounds closest to where the foul occurred.

Case 4.19.7 Situation C:
A1 ends the dribble in Team A's backcourt and passes the ball to A2: (a) while the ball is in the air; or (b) after A2 has control, A1 charges into B2.
RULING: The foul on A1 in both (a) and (b) is a team-control foul. Team B is awarded the ball in its frontcourt for a throw-in at one of the four designated sports nearest to where the foul occurred.

Case 4.19.7 Situation D:
A1 has the ball for a throw-in in Team A's backcourt. The throw-in pass deflects off of A2. As A2 and B2 are attempting to retrieve the loose throw-in pass, A2 illegally pushes B2 from behind and the action is rules a foul. Team B is in the bonus.
RULING: Team A is in control during this throw-in, therefore a team-control foul has been committed. B2 is awarded a throw-in at one of the four designated throw-in spots nearest to where the foul occurred.

Case 3.2.2 Situation C:

Team A substitute No. 25 reports to the table for the first time with approximately one minute remaining in the second quarter and is beckoned onto the court. In (a), the ball is put in play by a throw-in from A1 to A2. The horn sounds and the scorer informs the officials that No. 25 is not listed in the scorebook. In (b), No. 25 plays the remainder of the second quarter. During half-time intermission, the official scorer realizes No. 25 is not listed in the scorebook and informs the officials when No. 25 returns to the court before the start of the third quarter.
RULING: In (a), No. 25 is currently in the game and became a player upon legally entering the court. Since No. 25's name and number must now be entered into the scorebook, a technical foul is charged to Team A. In (b), no penalty is assessed since No. 25 is not currently in the game. If No. 25 attempts to enter the game in the second half, 25's name and number will be added to the scorebook and a technical foul charged to Team A. (3-2-2b, 10-1-2b)

Case 10.2.2 Situation:
With Team A leading 51-50, a held ball is ruled. A6 properly reports and enters the game. A time-out request is granted to Team B. The clock shows two seconds remaining in the game. After play is resumed by a throw-in, the officials: (a) recognize that A has six players competing, but cannot get the clock stopped; or (b) do not notice Team A has six players on the court. Following the throw-in, time expires. Team B now reports to the officials that Team A had six players on the court.
RULING: In (a), since one of the officials had knowledge that Team A had six players participating simultaneously and this was detected prior to time expiring, a technical foul is assessed against Team A. In (b), since it was not recognized by any official, and was called to their attention after time had expired, it is too late to assess any penalty.

Case of the Week - Bench Technical

Case 10.5.1 Situation A:
A technical foul is charged to: (a) a Team A substitute; (b) Team B's manager; (c) Team A's athletic trainer; or (d) Team B's assistant coach. In all cases, the foul is charged because of uncomplimentary remarks addressed to an official.
RULING: The individuals in (a), (b), (c), and (d) are all considered to be bench personnel and have violated the rules governing conduct while on the "bench". A second technical charged to any of these individuals results in disqualification. In addition to charging a technical to the individuals in all cases, the technical foul is also charged indirectly to the head coach resulting in the loss of coaching-box privileges. A second technical foul charged directly, or the third technical foul (direct or indirect) charged to the head coach results in similar disqualification and ejection. (10-5-1a)

Case 10.5.1 Situation D:
A1 commits a fifth foul and is disqualified. On the way to the team bench, A1 makes an uncomplimentary remark toward an official: (a) before the coach is notified; or (b) after the coach is notified.
RULING: In (a) and (b), a technical foul is charged to A1. In (b), an indirect technical foul is also charged to the head coach resulting in the loss of coaching-box privileges. A1 is considered to be bench personnel. (10-5-1h) 

*BONUS* Case of the Week - Kicking the Ball

Case 4.29 Situation A:
During A1's attempt to pass to A1 in Team A's backcourt, B1 (a) intentionally uses a thigh to deflect the pass; (b) intentionally kicks the ball; or (c) has the ball accidentally hit B1's lower leg.
RULING: In (a) and (b), there is a kicking violation and Team A will receive the ball out of bounds nearest the violation. In (c), the ball remains live and there is no violation. (7-5-3b, 9-4)

Case 4.29 Situation B:
A1 has the ball for a throw-in. A1 rolls the ball to A2 who stops the ball by putting a foot on top of it, then bends over and picks up the ball.
RULING: Kicking violation on A2 for intentionally striking the ball with a foot. (9-4)

Rule 4.23 Art. 2... To obtain an initial legal guarding position:

a. The guard shall have both feet touching the playing court.
b. The front of the guard's torso shall be facing the opponent.

Case 4.23.1 Situation

(a) A1 is dribbling the ball; (b) A1 secures a rebound; or (c) A1 has returned to the floor after releasing a try for goal. In all cases, A1 trips over B1 who is lying on the floor, causing A1 to fall to the floor and/or lose control of the ball.
RULING: In (a), (b) and (c), blocking foul on B1. COMMENT: Lying on the playing court is not considered a legal guarding position.

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Rule 4.40 Art. 2... To establish a legal screening position:

a. The screener may face any direction.
b. Time and distance are relevant.
c. The screener shall be stationary, except when both the screener and opponent are moving in the same path and same direction.
d. The screener shall stay within the screener's vertical plane with a stance approximately shoulder width apart.

Case 4.40.2 Situation B:

A1 sets a stationary screen with their feet wider than shoulder width. B1 makes contact in the middle of A1's torso. 
RULING: No foul since the contact was made in A1's torso and the wider stance did not create an advantage.

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Case 4.44 Situation A: A1 attempts to catch the ball while running rapidly. A1 muffs the ball, but succeeds in securing it before it strikes the floor. A1 then begins a dribble, taking several steps between the time the ball was first touched until it was caught.
RULING: There has been no violation provided A1, after catching the ball, released the ball to start the dribble before the pivot foot was lifted from the floor.

Case 4.44 Situation B: A1 attempts a try after ending the dribble. The try does not touch the backboard, the ring, or any other player. A1 runs and is able to catch the ball before it strikes the floor. Is this traveling?
RULING: No. When A1 recovered A1's own try, A1 could either dribble, pass, or try again. There was no team control after the ball was released on a try.

Case 4.44.2 Situation B: Airborne A1 and A2 jointly grab the rebound and each alights simultaneously on both feet. A1 and A2 each move one foot in attempting to wrestle the ball from each other before realizing they are teammates.  A1 lets go and A2 dribbles away.
RULING: Legal. There has been no violation as neither A1 or A2 moved a pivot foot while they were in joint control.

Case 4.44.5 Situation B: A1 dives for a loose ball and slides after gaining control. A1 is in a position either on the back or stomach. What can A1 do without violating?
RULING: A1 may pass, shoot, start a dribble, or request a time-out. Once A1 has the ball and is no longer sliding, the player may not roll over. If flat on the back, A1 may sit up without violating. Any attempt to get to the feet is traveling unless A1 is dribbling. It is also traveling if A1 puts the ball on the floor, then rises and is the first to touch the ball.

Rule 4.44 Art. 5(a)...Traveling:
A player holding the ball may not touch the floor with a knee or any other part of the body other than hand or foot.

Rule 9.3 Art. 3...Out of Bounds:

A player shall not step out of bounds under the player's own volition and then become the first player to touch the ball after returning to the playing court or to avoid a violation.

Case 9.3.3 Situation A:

A1 receives a pass while in the restricted area of the three-second lane. A1 passes the ball to A2 outside the three-point line. In order to get the three-second count stopped, A1 steps directly out of bounds under A's basket.
RULING: A1 is charged with a violation for leaving the court to avoid a violation

Case 9.3.3 Situation B:

A1 and A2 set a double screen near the end line. A3 intentionally goes out of bounds outside the end line to have the defender (B3) detained by the double screen. (a) A3 receives a pass as soon as A3 re-enters the court from A4; (b) A3 does not receive a pass and play continues; (c) A4 continues to dribble the ball while B3 recovers defensively on A3. A3 continues to cut to get open and receives a pass from A4.
RULING: In (a), the official shall call a violation on A3 as soon as A3 touches the ball. The ball is awarded to Team B at a designated spot nearest to where the violation occurred. In (b) and (c), no violation has occurred and play continues. In (c), any advantage that was gained by A3 going out of bounds was no longer in effect when A3 received the pass from A4.

Case 9.3.3 Situation C:

A1 and A2 set a double screen near the end line. B3 intentionally goes out of bounds outside the end line to avoid being detained by A1 and A2. Just as B3 goes out of bounds, A3's try is in flight.
RULING: No violation for the defense leaving the court to avoid a screen since team control ended on the try even if B3 is the first player to touch the ball when returning to the court.

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